Cache typarray for fast lookups in binary upgrade mode

Cache typarray for fast lookups in binary upgrade mode

When upgrading a large schema it adds significant overhead to perform
individual catalog lookups per relation in order to retrieve Oid for
preserving Oid calls. This instead adds the typarray to the TypeInfo
cache which then allows for fast lookups using the existing API. A
35% reduction of pg_dump runtime in binary upgrade mode was observed
with this change.

Reviewed-by: Nathan Bossart <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/8F1F1E1D-D17B-4B33-B014-EDBCD15F3F0B@yesql.se