Use thread-safe nl_langinfo_l(), not nl_langinfo().

Use thread-safe nl_langinfo_l(), not nl_langinfo().

This gets rid of some setlocale() calls.  The remaining call to
setlocale() in pg_get_encoding_from_locale() is a query of the name
of the current locale when none was provided (in a multi-threaded future
that would need more work).

All known non-Windows targets have nl_langinfo_l(), from POSIX 2008, and
for Windows we already do something thread-safe.

Reviewed-by: Heikki Linnakangas <[email protected]>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2BhUKGJqVe0%2BPv9dvC9dSums_PXxGo9SWcxYAMBguWJUGbWz-A%40mail.gmail.com